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Disavowing Specific Plan & Previous Commitments, RC Planning Commission Welcomes Multifamily Residential Development To Etiwanda Heights

Over the protests of more than 200 residents on hand for the December 10 Rancho Cucamonga Planning Commission meeting, that advisory panel recommended that the City Council early next year alter the land use allowances in Etiwanda Heights to to allow multi-family housing to be built on that never-before-developed.
The planning commission’s action raised hackles for multiple reasons.
The specific plan for that area which provides the legal land use standards for the 4,085-acre area in the northeast quadrant of the city, known as the Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan, was derived over a more than 20 month public vetting process throughout the last few months of 2017, all of 2018 and most of the following year in which the city painstakingly sought and gathered the input of city residents with regard to how the property should be zoned and ultimately developed prior to the plan’s official adoption on November 6, 2019. The Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan was then relied upon by municipal officials in making an application to the San Bernardino County Local Agency Formation Commission [LAFCO] to annex the 4,085 acres, which at that time were outside the city limits, into Rancho Cucamonga. City officials, who in city documents and in multiple verbal statements during the derivation of the Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan offered assurances that the city would abide by the land use and development standards contained in the plan, reiterated those commitments repeatedly while LAFCO was evaluating the annexation proposal. Throughout that process, city residents, most particularly those living at the periphery of the acreage proposed for being brought into the city raised no objections to the annexation, at least in part because of their faith in the city’s avowals.
The land use standards specified for Etiwanda Heights remained in place for more than five years after the passage of the Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan.
Unbeknownst to the public, in 2024, county officials entered into confidential and exclusive negotiations with developer James “Jimmy” Previti and representatives of his company, Frontier Enterprises with regard to 1,252.21 acres – slightly less than 1.96 square miles – of county flood control district property which was contained within the 4,085 acres annexed by the city in 2020. That property was subject to the land use restrictions articulated in the Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan.
On the day prior to Thanksgiving 2024, November 27, 2024, in a closed-door session from which the public was excluded, the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors worked out the final details and then ratified the sale of the 1,252.21 acres for the agreed-upon price of $93 million, or $74,275.21 per acre.
Just as secretively as the county had carried out its negotiations for the sale of the flood control property to Frontier Enterprises, also referred to as the Previti Group, Rancho Cucamonga City officials began a dialogue with the Priveti Group in January 2025. Those discussions pertained to the company’s intention to initiate construction on the property it had acquired from the county.
Hidden from the public was that the exchanges between city officials and the landowner were taking place with regard to the 1,252.21 acres or that the Previti Group was pressing city officials to deviate from the standards contained in the Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan. More than ten months elapsed without city residents having an inkling that a move to radically alter the character of the northeast corner of the city stretching up to the boundary of the Angeles National forest at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains directly below Cucamonga Peak was ongoing. The general public, ignorant such discussions were taking place, were excluded from them. More than ten months elapsed before the city’s residents were given a glimmer of what was coming their way. On November 18, the city posted a notice on its website that at the December 10 Rancho Cucamonga Planning Commission meeting the planning commission would discuss and consider an alteration of the city’s planning standards as pertains to Etiwanda Heights in the form of a specific plan amendment – meaning most apparently the Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan.
Simultaneously, the city posted four 8-foot by 4-foot dimension signs which announced, simply, that the Previti Group, as the applicant, was seeking had made “A request to amend the Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan and subdivide Planning Areas 1 and 2 for single family lots.”
On the same day, a few eagle-eyed residents began inquiring at City Hall as to what the proposed subdivisions were to consist of. There inquires were followed over the next few days by a handful of others. While most were put off by city officials who said the details would be forthcoming with the December 4 posting of the agenda for the December 10 meeting, one of the more persistent residents learned that what the Previti Group was proposing was to add nine new building types to the previously used generic description of single-family residential, including duplexes, quadplexes, 12-plexes, walkups, so-called cottage courts, motor courts, several higher-density small-lot product types and new block configurations. In addition, a single talkative city employee who spoke without authorization of higher-ups at City Hall, disclosed, the Previti Group was asking for the creation of a density transfer mechanism and objective standard changes along expanded regulating zones within the Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan specific plan area which would permit those housing products to be constructed. At that point, it was immediately apparent that the proposed amendment was intended to allow the introduction of multi-family housing types into Etiwanda Heights that were excluded in the adopted 2019 Etiwanda Heights Neighborhood and Conservation Plan and referenced in the city’s 2020 public commitment during the annexation process.
Word spread like wildfire among the residents of Etiwanda and the neighborhoods of eastern Alta Loma proximate to Etiwanda Heights. This provoked further and far more efforts to ascertain, precisely, what was happening, why it was happening, who was driving the proposed land use and policy change, whether this had been triggered by a proposal at odds with the previous development standards that originated with a landowner/developer or whether the change was being pushed by either elected city officials or city staff. According to several of those city residents who made those inquiries, city officials – from those at the level of the planning division up to that of city administration and the city council – stonewalled them. According to one city staff member, an order emanating from the office of the city manager, where Elisa Cox was at that point in the process of succeeding John Gillison as the city’s top administrator, had gone out that no information pertaining to the action that the planning commission was to take on December 10 was to be provided to the public.

Barrios’s SB Council Comeback Effort Complicated By Democratic Party Opposition

Former San Bernardino Second Ward Counclman Benito Barrios’s quest for a political comeback hit a snag this week as Democrats in the county seat are militating toward throwing the entire weight of their party countywide into an effort to oppose his bid to recapture the post he lost seven years ago.
Barrios, a Marine Corps veteran who had parlayed the support he received from conservative backers in the city and hi association with then-up-and-coming San Bernardino political figure John Valdivia to obtain a berth on the council, for a time appeared to have a bright future in elective office, being able to time a run for county or state posts from the relatively strong position of an incumbent council member in the county’s most populous city. A host of calculated moves that turned out to be miscalculations and an a series of what otherwise would have been microscandals that would have had no appreciable impact on his continuing viability as a candidate if they had occurred separately rather than as an accumulation doomed him during the 2018 election cycle.
Now, he and his handlers and advisors consider the 2026 election season to be propitious for his re-entrance into local politics, as the woman who replaced him on the council must stand for reelection once more, having barely overcome a challenge in 2022. Though Barrios this time hopes to have one of the more powerful and influential entities in the San Bernardino community backing him, there remains a cohesive coalition of supporters preparing to go to work in the upcoming campaign for the incumbent.
Moreover, San Bernardino is a solid Democratic city and the Second Ward has the second highest concentration of Democratic Party members of the city’s seven wards. Even though municipal elections are not supposed to be partisan in nature, the overwhelming ratio of Democrats to Republicans in the Second Ward makes it highly unlikely that a candidate actively opposed by the Democratic Party can win in an electoral contest there.
The Sentinel has learned…

Triplex Of Suits Vs Montclair Councilman Opens Path To Government Officials Facing Personal Liability

Lopez Hit With Unpayable $1.526M Legal Judgment

The court proceedings involving Montclair City Councilman Ben Lopez, two of the city’s employees and the city itself drew to a close today, closing out with what ostensibly is a judgment leaving Lopez on the hook for $1,526,000 in damages there is virtually no prospect he will ever be in a position to pay.
As unseemly as the allegations contained in two of the cases, even more remarkable is the potential that the way the city distanced itself from Lopez in this matter will create a precedent by which government officials in the future will not be able to utilize taxpayer funds to avoid being held personally accountable for their actions.
The cases against Lopez were chock full of contradictions and a confusing mash of details that defied any simple or cogent description. The two underlying cases filed in 2021 by the city’s director of economic development, Michael Fuentes, and Edmund Garcia, one of the city’s information technology specialists, originally named the city as a defendant along with Lopez. Ostensibly, then, the litigation pitted Fuentes, on one side, against, on the other side, Lopez and the entire weight and substance of the city and its taxpayers and also set up 15 rounds of legal fisticuffs between Garcia, in one corner, against Lopez and the power and authority of the city and its residents in the other corner. As the cases progressed, however, both inside and outside of court, the relationship between Lopez and his city council colleagues and the remainder of City Hall deteriorated, descending into enmity which resulted in the city suing Lopez. Ultimately, it was as much the case that the city made against Lopez that led to the legal victories ultimately scored by Fuentes and Garcia earlier this month than the prosecution of the matter by the common legal team that represented them.
While it was the…

Ein Mench Mit Namen Ziegler

Von Hermann Hesse
Einst wohnte in der Brauergasse ein junger Herr mit Namen Ziegler. Er gehörte zu denen, die uns jeden Tag und immer wieder auf der Straße begegnen und deren Gesichter wir uns nie recht merken können, weil sie alle miteinander dasselbe Gesicht haben: ein Kollektivgesicht.
Ziegler war alles und tat alles, was solche Leute immer sind und tun. Er war nicht unbegabt, aber auch nicht begabt, er liebte Geld und Vergnügen, zog sich gern hübsch an und war ebenso feige wie die meisten Menschen: sein Leben und Tun wurde weniger durch Triebe und Bestrebungen regiert als durch Verbote, durch die Furcht vor Strafen. Dabei hatte er manche honette Züge und war überhaupt alles in allem ein erfreulich normaler Mensch, dem seine eigene Person sehr lieb und wichtig war. Er hielt sich, wie jeder Mensch, für eine Persönlichkeit, während er nur ein Exemplar war, und sah in sich, in seinem Schicksal den Mittelpunkt der Welt, wie jeder Mensch es tut. Zweifel lagen ihm fern, und wenn Tatsachen seiner Weltanschauung widersprachen, schloss er missbilligend die Augen.
Als moderner Mensch hatte er außer vor dem Geld noch vor einer zweiten Macht unbegrenzte Hochachtung: vor der Wissenschaft. Er hätte nicht zu sagen gewusst, was eigentlich Wissenschaft sei, er dachte dabei an etwas wie Statistik und auch ein wenig an Bakteriologie, und es war ihm wohl bekannt, wieviel Geld und Ehre der Staat für die Wissenschaft übrig habe. Besonders respektierte er die Krebsforschung, denn sein Vater war an Krebs gestorben, und Ziegler nahm an, die inzwischen so hoch entwickelte Wissenschaft werde nicht zulassen, dass ihm einst dasselbe geschähe.
Äußerlich zeichnete sich Ziegler durch das Bestreben aus, sich etwas über seine Mittel zu kleiden, stets im Einklang mit der Mode des Jahres. Denn die Moden des Quartals und des Monats, welche seine Mittel allzu sehr überstiegen hätten, verachtete er als dumme Afferei. Er hielt viel auf Charakter und trug keine Scheu, unter seinesgleichen und an sichern Orten über Vorgesetzte und Regierungen zu schimpfen. Ich verweile wohl zu lange bei dieser Schilderung. Aber Ziegler war wirklich ein reizender junger Mensch, und wir haben viel an ihm verloren. Denn er fand ein frühes und seltsames Ende, allen seinen Plänen und berechtigten Hoffnungen zuwider.
Bald nachdem er in unsere Stadt gekommen war, beschloss er einst, sich einen vergnügten Sonntag zu machen. Er hatte noch keinen rechten Anschluss gefunden und war aus Unentschiedenheit noch keinem Verein beigetreten. Vielleicht war dies sein Unglück. Es ist nicht gut, dass der Mensch allein sei.
So war er darauf angewiesen, sich um die Sehenswürdigkeiten der Stadt zu kümmern, die er denn gewissenhaft erfragte. Und nach reiflicher Überlegung entschied er sich für das historische Museum und den zoologischen Garten. Das Museum war an Sonntagvormittagen unentgeltlich, der Zoologische nachmittags zu ermäßigten Preisen zu besichtigen.
In seinem neuen Straßenanzug mit Tuchknöpfen, den er sehr liebte, ging Ziegler am Sonntag ins historische Museum. Er nahm so seinen dünnen, eleganten Spazierstock mit, einen vierkantigen, rotlackierten Stock, der ihm Haltung und Glanz verlieh, der ihm aber zu seinem tiefsten Missvergnügen vor dem Eintritt in die Säle vom Türsteher abgenommen wurde.
In den hohen Räumen war vielerlei zu sehen, und der fromme Besucher pries im Herzen die allmächtige Wissenschaft, die auch hier ihre verdienstvolle Zuverlässigkeit erwies, wie Ziegler aus den sorgfältigen Aufschriften an den Schaukästen schloss. Alter Kram, wie rostige Torschlüssel, zerbrochene grünspanige Halsketten und dergleichen, gewann durch diese Aufschriften ein erstaunliches Interesse. Es war wunderbar, um was alles diese Wissenschaft sich kümmerte, wie sie alles beherrschte, alles zu bezeichnen wusste oh nein, gewiss würde sie schon bald den Krebs abschaffen und vielleicht das Sterben überhaupt.
Im zweiten Saal fand er einen Glasschrank, dessen Scheibe so vorzüglich spiegelte, dass er in einer stillen Minute seinen Anzug, Frisur und Kragen, Hosenfalte und Krawattensitz kontrollieren konnte. Froh aufatmend schritt er weiter und würdigte einige Erzeugnisse alter Holzschnitzer seiner Aufmerksamkeit. Tüchtige Kerle, wenn auch reichlich naiv, dachte er wohlwollend. Und auch eine alte Standuhr mit elfenbeinernen, beim Stundenschlag Menuett tanzenden Figürchen betrachtete und billigte er geduldig. Dann begann die Sache ihn etwas zu langweilen, er gähnte und zog häufig seine Taschenuhr, die er wohl zeigen dürfte, sie war schwer golden und ein Erbstück von seinem Vater.
Es blieb ihm, wie er bedauernd sah, noch viel Zeit bis zum Mittagessen übrig, und so trat er in einen anderen Raum, der seine Neugierde wieder zu fesseln vermochte. Er enthielt Gegenstände des mittelalterlichen Aberglaubens, Zauberbücher, Amulette, Hexenstaat und in einer Ecke eine ganze alchimistische Werkstatt mit Esse, Mörsern, bauchigen Gläsern, dürren Schweinsblasen, Blasbälgen und so weiter. Diese Ecke war durch ein wollenes Seil abgetrennt, eine Tafel verbot das Berühren der Gegenstände. Man liest ja aber solche Tafeln nie sehr genau, und Ziegler war ganz allein im Raum.
So streckte er unbedenklich den Arm über das Seil hinweg und betastete einige der komischen Sachen. Von diesem Mittelalter und seinem drolligen Aberglauben hatte er schon gehört und gelesen; es war ihm unbegreiflich, wie Leute sich damals mit so kindischem Zeug befassen konnten, und dass man den ganzen Hexenschwindel und all das Zeug nicht einfach verbot. Hingegen die Alchemie mochte immerhin entschuldigt werden können, da aus ihr die so nützliche Chemie hervorgegangen war. Mein Gott, wenn man so daran dachte, dass diese Goldmachertiegel und all der dumme Zauberkram vielleicht doch notwendig gewesen waren, weil es sonst heute kein Aspirin und keine Gasbomben gäbe!
Achtlos nahm er ein kleines dunkles Kügelchen, etwas wie eine Arzneipille, in die Hand, ein vertrocknetes Ding ohne Gewicht, drehte es zwischen den Fingern und wollte es eben wieder hinlegen, als er Schritte hinter sich hörte. Er wandte sich um, ein Besucher war eingetreten. Es genierte Ziegler, dass er das Kügelchen in der Hand hatte, denn er hatte die Verbotstafel natürlich doch gelesen. Darum schloss er die Hand, steckte sie in die Tasche und ging hinaus.
Erst auf der Straße fiel ihm die Pille wieder ein. Er zog sie heraus und dachte sie wegzuwerfen, vorher aber führte er sie an die Nase und roch daran. Das Ding hatte einen schwachen, harzartigen Geruch, der ihm Spaß machte, so dass er das Kügelchen wieder einsteckte.
Er ging nun ins Restaurant, bestellte sich Essen, schnüffelte in einigen Zeitungen, fingerte an seiner Krawatte und warf den Gästen teils hochmütige Blicke zu, je nachdem wie sie gekleidet waren. Als aber das Essen eine Weile auf sich warten ließ, zog Herr Ziegler seine aus Versehen gestohlene Alchimistenpille hervor und roch wieder an ihr. Dann kratzte er sie mit dem Zeigefingernagel, und endlich folgte er naiv einem kindlichen Gelüst und führte das Ding zum Mund; es löste sich im Mund rasch auf, ohne unangenehm zu schmecken, so dass er es mit einem Schluck Bier hinabspülte. Gleich darauf kam auch sein Essen.
Um zwei Uhr sprang der junge Mann vom Straßenbahnwagen, betrat den Vorhof des zoologischen Gartens und nahm eine Sonntagskarte.
Freundlich lächelnd ging er ins Affenhaus und fasste vor dem großen Käfig der Schimpansen Stand. Der große Affe blinzelte ihn an, nickte ihm gutmütig zu und sprach mit tiefer Stimme die Worte: “Wie geht’s, Bruderherz?”
Angewidert und wunderlich erschrocken wandte sich der Besucher schnell hinweg und hörte im Fortgehen den Affen hinter sich her schimpfen: “Auch noch stolz ist der Kerl! Plattfuß, dummer!”
Rasch trat Ziegler zu den Meerkatzen hinüber. Die tanzten ausgelassen und schrien: “Gib Zucker her, Kamerad!” und als er keinen Zucker hatte, wurden sie bös, ahmten ihn nach, nannten ihn Hungerleider und bleckten die Zähne gegen ihn. Das ertrug er nicht; bestürzt und verwirrt floh er hinaus und lenkte seine Schritte zu den Hirschen und Rehen, von denen er ein hübscheres Betragen erwartete.
Ein großer herrlicher Elch stand nahe beim Gitter und blickte den Besucher an. Da erschrak Ziegler bis ins Herz. Denn seit er die alte Zauberpille geschluckt hatte, verstand er die Sprache der Tiere. Und der Elch sprach mit seinen Augen, zwei großen braunen Augen. Sein stiller Blick redete Hoheit, Ergebung und Trauer, und gegen den Besucher drückte er eine überlegen ernste Verachtung aus, eine furchtbare Verachtung. Für diesen stillen, majestätischen Blick, so las Ziegler, war er samt Hut und Stock, Uhr und Sonntagsanzug nichts als ein Geschmeiß, ein lächerliches und widerliches Vieh.
Vom Elch entfloh Ziegler zum Steinbock, von da zu den Gemsen, zum Lama, zum Gnu, zu den Wildsäuen und Bären. Insultiert wurde er von diesen allen nicht, aber er wurde von allen verachtet. Er hörte ihnen zu und erfuhr aus ihren Gesprächen, wie sie über die Menschen dachten. Es war schrecklich, wie sie über sie dachten. Namentlich wunderten sie sich darüber, dass ausgerechnet diese hässlichen, stinkenden, würdelosen Zweibeiner in ihren geckenhaften Verkleidungen frei umherlaufen durften.
Er hörte einen Puma mit seinem Jungen reden, ein Gespräch voll Würde und sachlicher Weisheit, wie man es unter Menschen selten hört. Er hörte einen schönen Panther sich kurz und gemessen in aristokratischen Ausdrücken über das Pack der Sonntagsbesucher äußern. Er sah dem blonden Löwen ins Auge und erfuhr, wie weit und wunderbar die wilde Welt ist, wo es keine Käfige und keine Menschen gibt. Er sah einen Turmfalken trüb und stolz in erstarrter Schwermut auf dem toten Ast sitzen und sah die Könige der Lüfte ihre Gefangenschaft mit Anstand, Achselzucken und Humor ertragen.
Benommen und aus allen seinen Denkgewohnheiten gerissen, wandte sich Ziegler in seiner Verzweiflung den Menschen wieder zu. Er suchte ein Auge, das seine Not und Angst verstünde, er lauschte auf Gespräche, um irgend etwas Tröstliches, Verständliches, Wohltuendes zu hören, er beachtete die Gebärden der vielen Gäste, um auch bei ihnen irgendwo Würde, Natur, Adel, stille Überlegenheit zu finden.
Aber er wurde enttäuscht. Er hörte die Stimmen und Worte, sah die Bewegungen, Gebärden und Blicke, und da er jetzt alles wie durch ein Tierauge sah, fand er nichts als eine entartete, sich verstellende, lügende, unschöne Gesellschaft tierähnlicher Wesen, die von allen Tierarten ein geckenhaftes Gemisch zu sein schienen.
Verzweifelt irrte Ziegler umher, sich seiner selbst unbündig schämend. Das vierkantige Stöcklein hatte er längst ins Gebüsch geworfen, die Handschuhe hinterdrein. Aber als er jetzt seinen Hut von sich warf, die Stiefel auszog, die Krawatte abriss, und schluchzend sich an das Gitter des Elchgeheges drückte, wurde er unter großem Aufsehen festgenommen und in ein Irrenhaus gebracht.

A Man Named Ziegler

By Hermann Hesse
Translated: Mark Gutglueck
There was once a young man by the name of Ziegler, who lived on Brauergasse. He was one of those people we see every day on the street, whose faces we can never really remember, because they all have the same face: a collective face.
Ziegler was everything and did everything that such people always are and do. He was not stupid, but neither was he gifted; he loved money and pleasure, liked to dress well, and was as cowardly as most people: his life and activities were governed less by desires and strivings than by prohibitions, by the fear of punishment. Still, he had a number of good qualities and all in all he was a gratifyingly normal young man, whose own person was most interesting and important to him. Like every other man, he regarded himself as an individual, though in reality he was only a specimen, and like other men he regarded himself and his life as the center of the world. He was far removed from all doubts, and when facts contradicted his opinions, he shut his eyes disapprovingly.
As a modern man, he had unlimited respect for not only money, but also for a second power: science. He could not have said exactly what science was, he had in mind something on the order of statistics and perhaps a bit of bacteriology, and he knew how much money and honor the state accorded to science. He especially admired cancer research, for his father had died of cancer, and Ziegler firmly believed that science, which had developed so remarkably since then, would not let the same thing happen to him.
Outwardly Ziegler distinguished himself by his tendency to dress somewhat beyond his means, always in the fashion of the year. For since he could not afford the fashions of the month or season, it goes without saying that he despised them as foolish affectation. He was a great believer in independence of character and often spoke harshly, among friends and in safe places, of his employers and of the government. I am probably dwelling too long on this portrait. But Ziegler was a charming young fellow, and he has been a great loss to us. For he met with a strange and premature end, which set all his plans and justified hopes at naught.
One Sunday soon after his arrival in our town, he decided on a day’s recreation. He had not yet made any real friends and had not yet been able to make up his mind to join a club. Perhaps this was his undoing. It is not good for a man to be alone.
He could think of nothing else to do but go sightseeing. After conscientious inquiry and mature reflection he decided on the historical museum and the zoo. The museum was free of charge on Sunday mornings, and the zoo could be visited in the afternoon for a moderate fee.
Wearing his new suit with cloth buttons he was very fond of it  he set out for the historical museum. He was carrying his thin, elegant, red-lacquered walking cane, which lent him dignity and distinction, but which to his profound displeasure he was obliged to part with at the entrance.
There were all sorts of things to be seen in the lofty rooms, and in his heart the pious visitor sang the praises of almighty science, which, here again, as Ziegler observed in reading the meticulous inscriptions on the showcases, proved that it could be counted on. Thanks to these inscriptions, old bric-a-brac, such as rusty keys, broken and tarnished necklaces, and so on, became amazingly interesting. It was marvellous how science looked into everything, understood everything and found a name for it oh, yes, it would definitely get rid of cancer very soon, maybe it would even abolish death.
In the second room he found a glass case in which he was reflected so clearly that he was able to stop for a moment and check up, carefully and to his entire satisfaction, on his coat, trousers, and the knot of his tie. Pleasantly reassured, he passed on and devoted his attention to the products of some early wood carvers. Competent men, though shockingly naïve, he reflected benevolently. He also contemplated an old grandfather clock with ivory figures which danced the minuet when it struck the hour, and it too met with his patient approval. Then he began to feel rather bored; he yawned and looked more and more frequently at his watch, which he was not ashamed of showing, for it was solid gold, inherited from his father.
As he saw to his regret, he still had a long way to go till lunchtime, and so he entered another room. Here his curiosity revived. It contained objects of medieval superstition, books of magic, amulets, trappings of witchcraft, and in one corner a whole alchemist’s workshop, complete with forge, mortars, pot-bellied flasks dried-out pig’s bladders, bellows, and so on. This corner was roped off, and there was a sign forbidding the public to touch the objects. But one never reads such signs very attentively, and Ziegler was alone in the room.
Unthinkingly he stretched out his arm over the rope and touched a few of the weird things. He had heard and read about the Middle Ages and their comical superstitions; it was beyond him how the people of those days could have bothered with such childish nonsense, and he failed to see why such absurdities as witchcraft had not simply been prohibited. Alchemy, on the other hand, was pardonable, since the useful science of chemistry had developed from it. Good Lord, to think that these gold-makers’ crucibles and all this magic abracadabra may have been necessary, because without them there would be no aspirin or gas bombs today!
Absentmindedly he picked up a small dark-colored pellet, rather like a pill, rolled the dry, weightless little thing between his fingers and was about to put it down again when he heard steps behind him. He turned round. A visitor had entered the room. Ziegler was embarrassed at having the pellet in his hand, for actually he had read the sign. So he closed his hand, put it in his pocket and left.
He did not think of the pellet again until he was on the street. He took it out and decided to throw it away. But first he raised it to his nose and sniffed it. It had a faint resinous smell that he found rather pleasing, so he put it back in his pocket.
Then he went to a restaurant, ordered, leafed through a few newspapers, toyed with his tie, and cast respectful or haughty glances at the guests around him, depending on how they were dressed. But when his meal was rather long in coming, he took out the alchemist’s pill that he had involuntarily stolen, and smelled it. Then he scratched it with his fingernail, and finally naïvely giving into a childlike impulse, he put it in his mouth. It did not taste bad and dissolved quickly; he washed it down with a sip of beer. And then his meal arrived.
At two o’clock the young man jumped off the street car, went to the zoo, and bought a Sunday ticket.
Smiling amiably, he went to the primate house and planted himself in front of the big cage where the chimpanzees were kept. A large chimpanzee blinked at him, gave him a good-natured nod, and said in a deep voice: “How goes it, brother?”
Repelled and strangely frightened, Ziegler turned away. As he was hurrying off, he heard the ape scolding: “What’s he got to be proud about! The stupid bastard!”
He went to see the long-tailed monkeys. They were dancing merrily. “Give us some sugar, old buddy!” they cried. And when he had no sugar, they grew angry and mimicked him, called him a cheapskate, and bared their teeth. That was more than he could stand; he fled in consternation and made for the deer, whom he expected to behave better.
A large stately elk stood close to the bars, looking him over. And suddenly Ziegler was stricken with horror. For since swallowing the magic pill, he understood the language of the animals. And the elk spoke with his eyes, two big brown eyes. His silent gaze expressed dignity, resignation, sadness, and with regard to the visitor a lofty and solemn contempt, a terrible contempt. In the language of these silent, majestic eyes, Ziegler read, he, with hat and cane, his gold watch and his Sunday suit, was no better than vermin, an absurd and repulsive bug.
From the elk he fled to the ibex, from the ibex to the chamois, the llama, and the gnu, to the wild boars and bears. They did not all insult him, but without exception they despised him. He listened to them and learned from their conversations what they thought of people in general. And what they thought was most distressing. Most of all they were surprised that these ugly, stinking, undignified bipeds with their foppish disguises should be allowed to run around loose.
He heard a puma talking to her cub, a conversation full of dignity and practical wisdom, such as one seldom hears among humans. He heard a beautiful panther expressing his opinions of this riffraff, the Sunday visitors, in succinct, well-turned, aristocratic phrases. He looked the blond lion in the eye and learned of the wonderful immensity of the wilderness, where there are no cages and no human beings. He saw a kestrel perched proud and forlorn, congealed in melancholy, on a dead branch and saw the jays bearing their imprisonment with dignity, resignation and humor.
Dejected and wrenched out of all habits of thought, Ziegler turned back to his fellow men in despair. He looked for eyes that would understand his terror and misery; he listened to conversations in the hope of hearing something comforting, something understandable and soothing; he observed the gestures of the visitors in the hope of finding nobility and quiet, natural dignity.
But he was disappointed. He heard voices and words, he saw movements, gestures and glances, but since now saw everything as through the eyes of an animal, he found nothing but a degenerate, dissembling mob of bestial fops, who seemed to be a less than beautiful mixture of all the animal species.
In despair Ziegler wandered about. He felt hopelessly ashamed of himself. He had long since thrown his red-lacquered cane into the bushes and his gloves after it. But when he threw away his hat, took off his shoes and tie, and shaken with sobs pressed against the bars of the elk’s cage, a crowd collected and the guards seized him, and he was taken away to an insane asylum.

Ein Altes Blatt

Von Franz Kafka
Es ist, als wäre viel vernachlässigt worden in der Verteidigung unseres Vaterlandes. Wir haben uns bisher nicht darum gekümmert und sind unserer Arbeit nachgegangen; die Ereignisse der letzten Zeit machen uns aber Sorgen.
Ich habe eine Schusterwerkstatt auf dem Platz vor dem kaiserlichen Palast. Kaum öffne ich in der Morgendämmerung meinen Laden, sehe ich schon die Eingänge aller hier einlaufenden Gassen von Bewaffneten besetzt. Es sind aber nicht unsere Soldaten, sondern offenbar Nomaden aus dem Norden. Auf eine mir unbegreifliche Weise sind sie bis in die Hauptstadt gedrungen, die doch sehr weit von der Grenze entfernt ist. jedenfalls sind sie also da; es scheint, daß es jeden Morgen mehr werden.
Ihrer Natur entsprechend lagern sie unter freiem Himmel, denn Wohnhäuser verabscheuen sie. Sie beschäftigen sich mit dem Schärfen der Schwerter, dem Zuspitzen der Pfeile, mit Übungen zu Pferde. Aus diesem stillen, immer ängstlich rein gehaltenen Platz haben sie einen wahren Stall gemacht. Wir versuchen zwar manchmal aus unseren Geschäften hervorzulaufen und wenigstens den ärgsten Unrat wegzuschaffen, aber es geschieht immer seltener, denn die Anstrengung ist nutzlos und bringt uns überdies in die Gefahr, unter die wilden Pferde zu kommen oder von den Peitschen verletzt zu werden.
Sprechen kann man mit den Nomaden nicht. Unsere Sprache kennen sie nicht, ja sie haben kaum eine eigene. Untereinander verständigen sie sich ähnlich wie Dohlen. Immer wieder hört man diesen Schrei der Dohlen. Unsere Lebensweise, unsere Einrichtungen sind ihnen ebenso unbegreiflich wie gleichgültig. Infolgedessen zeigen sie sich auch gegen jede Zeichensprache ablehnend. Du magst dir die Kiefer verrenken und die Hände aus den Gelenken winden, sie haben dich doch nicht verstanden und werden dich nie verstehen. Oft machen sie Grimassen; dann dreht sich das Weiß ihrer Augen und Schaum schwillt aus ihrem Munde, doch wollen sie damit weder etwas sagen noch auch erschrecken; sie tun es, weil es so ihre Art ist. Was sie brauchen, nehmen sie. Man kann nicht sagen, daß sie Gewalt anwenden. Vor ihrem Zugriff tritt man beiseite und überläßt ihnen alles.
Auch von meinen Vorräten haben sie manches gute Stück genommen. Ich kann aber darüber nicht klagen, wenn ich zum Beispiel zusehe, wie es dem Fleischer gegenüber geht. Kaum bringt er seine Waren ein, ist ihm schon alles entrissen und wird von den Nomaden verschlungen. Auch ihre Pferde fressen Fleisch; oft liegt ein Reiter neben seinem Pferd und beide nähren sich vom gleichen Fleischstück, jeder an einem Ende. Der Fleischhauer ist ängstlich und wagt es nicht, mit den Fleischlieferungen aufzuhören. Wir verstehen das aber, schießen Geld zusammen und unterstützen ihn. Bekämen die Nomaden kein Fleisch, wer weiß, was ihnen zu tun einfiele; wer weiß allerdings, was ihnen einfallen wird, selbst wenn sie täglich Fleisch bekommen.
Letzthin dachte der Fleischer, er könne sich wenigstens die Mühe des Schlachtens sparen, und brachte am Morgen einen lebendigen Ochsen. Das darf er nicht mehr wiederholen. Ich lag wohl eine Stunde ganz hinten in meiner Werkstatt platt auf dem Boden und alle meine Kleider, Decken und Polster hatte ich über mir aufgehäuft, nur um das Gebrüll des Ochsen nicht zu hören, den von allen Seiten die Nomaden ansprangen, um mit den Zähnen Stücke aus seinem warmen Fleisch zu reißen. Schon lange war es still ehe ich mich auszugehen getraute; wie Trinker um ein Weinfaß lagen sie müde um die Reste des Ochsen.
Gerade damals glaubte ich den Kaiser selbst in einem Fenster des Palastes gesehen zu haben; niemals sonst kommt er in diese äußeren Gemächer, immer nur lebt er in dem innersten Garten; diesmal aber stand er, so schien es mir wenigstens, an einem der Fenster und blickte mit gesenktem Kopf auf das Treiben vor seinem Schloß.
»Wie wird es werden?« fragen wir uns alle. »Wie lange werden wir diese Last und Qual ertragen? Der kaiserliche Palast hat die Nomaden angelockt, versteht es aber nicht, sie wieder zu vertreiben. Das Tor bleibt verschlossen; die Wache, früher immer festlich ein- und ausmarschierend, hält sich hinter vergitterten Fenstern. Uns Handwerkern und Geschäftsleuten ist die Rettung des Vaterlandes anvertraut; wir sind aber einer solchen Aufgabe nicht gewachsen; haben uns doch auch nie gerühmt, dessen fähig zu sein. Ein Mißverständnis ist es; und wir gehen daran zugrunde.«

An Old Manuscript

By Franz Kafka
Translation: Mark Gutglueck
It looks as if much had been neglected in our country’s system of defense. We have not
concerned ourselves with it until now and have gone about our daily work; but things that have
been happening recently begin to trouble us.
I have a cobbler’s workshop in the square that lies before the Emperor’s palace. Scarcely have I
taken my shutters down, at the first glimmer of dawn, when I see armed soldiers already posted
in the mouth of every street opening on the square. But these soldiers are not ours, they are
obviously nomads from the North. In some way that is incomprehensible to me they have
pushed right into the capital, although it is a long way from the frontier. At any rate, here they
are; it seems that every morning there are more of them.
As is their nature, they camp under the open sky, for they abominate dwelling houses. They
busy themselves sharpening swords, whittling arrows, and practicing horsemanship. This
peaceful square, which was always kept so scrupulously clean, they have made literally into a
stable. We do try every now and then to run out of our shops and clear away at least the worst
of the filth, but this happens less and less often, for the labor is in vain and brings us besides
into danger of falling under the hoofs of the wild horses or of being crippled with lashes from the
whips.
Speech with the nomads is impossible. They do not know our language, indeed they hardly
have a language of their own. They communicate with each other much as jackdaws do. A
screeching as of jackdaws is always in our ears. Our way of living and our institutions they
neither understand nor care to understand. And so they are unwilling to make sense even out of
our sign language. You can gesture at them till you dislocate your jaws and your wrists and still
they will not have understood you and will never understand. They often make grimaces; then
the whites of their eyes turn up and foam gathers on their lips, but they do not mean anything by
that, not even a threat; they do it because it is their nature to do it. Whatever they need, they
take. You cannot call it taking by force. They grab at something and you simply stand aside and
leave them to it.
From my stock, too, they have taken many good articles. But I cannot complain when I see how
the butcher, for instance, suffers across the street. As soon as he brings in any meat the
nomads snatch it all from him and gobble it up. Even their horses devour flesh; often enough a
horseman and his horse are lying side by side, both of them gnawing at the same joint, one at
either end. The butcher is nervous and does not dare to stop his deliveries of meat. We
understand that, however, and subscribe money to keep him going. If the nomads got no meat,
who knows what they might think of doing; who knows anyhow what they may think of, even
though they get meat every day.
Not long ago the butcher thought he might at least spare himself the trouble of slaughtering, and
so one morning he brought along a live ox. But he will never dare to do that again. I lay for a
whole hour flat on the floor at the back of my workshop with my head muffled in all the clothes
and rugs and pillows I had simply to keep from hearing the bellowing of that ox, which the
nomads were leaping on from all sides, tearing morsels out of its living flesh with their teeth. It
had been quiet for a long time before I risked coming out; they were lying overcome around the
remains of the carcass like drunkards around a wine cask.
This was the occasion when I fancied I actually saw the Emperor himself at a window of the
palace; usually he never enters these outer rooms but spends all his time in the innermost
garden; yet on this occasion he was standing, or so at least it seemed to me, at one of the
windows, watching with bent head the goings-on before his residence.
“What is going to happen?” we all ask ourselves. “How long can we endure this burden and
torment? The Emperor’s palace has drawn the nomads here but does not know how to drive
them away again. The gate stays shut; the guards, who used to be always marching out and in
with ceremony, keep close behind barred windows. It is left to us artisans and tradesmen to
save our country; but we are not equal to such a task; nor have we ever claimed to be capable
of it. This is a misunderstanding of some kind; and it will be the ruin of us.